- Choose the right option:
Only humans speak using words. But all species in the animal kingdom can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the way dogs bark in different ways to give warnings, to be friendly or to be playful.
But did you know about infrasonic communication used by elephants? This is how it works.
Humans hear low sounds like the bass notes in music or thunder rumbling in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than these. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make sounds in that range as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound.
Another amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch, like the ones people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees and so on, which is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much ‘stronger,’ and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore it can travel much further. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from four kilometers away.
There have been reports of people watching herds of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all charged off for no reason at all. They obviously heard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park where you can get nearer to animals, it is a bit easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo you may notice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes – not loud or strong, but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication – the mother elephants ‘talking’ to their babies.
- The writer mentions bees and dogs…
a) because they want to learn how they communicate.
b) as examples of animal communication.
c) because they use infrasonic communication.
2. Humans can hear …
a) lower sounds than elephants can.
b)sounds that travel long distances.
c)sounds with higher pitch.
3. Things like trees …
a) cause problems for low sounds.
b) ) cause problems for high sounds.
c) don’t affect sounds at all.
4. in places like zoos …
a) human can sense when infrasonic sounds are being made.
b) elephants don’t need to make infrasonic sounds.
c) it is easier than in wildlife parks to sense when elephants use infrasonic sounds.
- Write one word in each gap:
I’m very fond (5) …… my husband, William. I’ve been married (6) ….. him for over sixty years. I know he cares (7) …… me now just as much as when we first met all those years ago. I’d got lost, and I asked him for directions. He was so kind (8) ….. me. He offered to drive me wherever I wanted to go. It was love at first sight and since then my relationship (9) ….. him has always been wonderful.
William is proud (10) ….. my success as an artist, and he’s never been jealous (11) ….. my fame. I really admire him (12) ….. supporting me so much over the years. Every evening, we chat (13) ….. each other (14) ….. the day’s events. Of course, we do sometimes argue (15) ….. things. All couples do. But whenever I have an argument (16) ….. him, we soon start laughing and both apologize (17) ….. each other (18) …… getting angry. I can’t imagine life without him.
5. a) of b) about c) to d) with
6. a)about b) with c) to d) –
7. a) for b) about c) of d) with
8. a)to b)of c) about d) with
9. a) for b)of c) to d) with
10. a)with b) with c) of d)for
11. a)of b)for c) with d)about
12. a) for b) of c) with d)about
13. a) about b) after c)to d)on
14.a) about b)of c)after d)on
15.a)about b)of c)for d)before
16.a) about b)for c)with d)to
17.a) for b)to c)with d)about
18.a)for b)with c)to d)about
- Choose the right verb form:
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people often (19) ….. at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these ‘monsters’ which (20) …… at times are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures (21) …… to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish (22)…… near Madagascar.
19. a) had laughed b) are laughing c) will laugh d) have laughed
20. a)had been sighted b) have been sighted c) have sighted d)will be sighted
21. a)were washed b) wash c) are washed d) had washed
22. a) had been caught b) has caught c) was caught d) caught
The summer school (23)—– to be as good as I (24)—–, and my English (25)—- enormously. Maria and I had a great time while we (26)—– there, and made lots of new friends from all over the world .She was the last person I (27)—– to see.
23. a) will turn out b) would turn out c) has turned out d) turned out
24. a) hope b) had hoped c) have hoped d) was hoping
25. a) improved b) is improving c)will improve d) has improved
26. a) are b) will be c) were d) have been
27. a) expected b) will expect c) have expected d) was expecting
- Read the text below and choose the word that best fits each space.
The name hamburger dates back to German immigrants (28) ————— to the USA in the 1880s. It’s only since 1902, however, that hamburgers have been (29) ——— in a bun. Before the 1920s, when the first chain of hamburger restaurants opened, most hamburgers were (30) ————— at home.
The fashion for hamburgers in Britain started in the 1950s, and by the 1970s hamburger restaurants had become some of the most fashionable in London. In the 1980s, McDonald’s decided to expand their operations (31) ————– the country and by the 1990s they had (32) ————– restaurants in most countries in the world.
Since 1980, people have begun to question the assumption that fast food, abd hamburgers in (33) ———–, are making progress.
28. a)running b) driving c) traveling d) walking
29. a) drunk b) served c) closed d) classified
30. a) cooked b) taken c) bought d) brought
31. a) near b) aside c) away d) outside
32. a) locked b) made c) opened d) stopped
33. a) usual b) practical c) definite d) particular
V. Find the odd word.
34. He must have been gone downtown by train as his car was in the garage.
a) must b) been c) gone d) the
35.How long can I keep on the book I took from you yesterday.
a) can b)on c) the d) from
36.Although despite I wrote to him two months ago I have got no answer yet.
a) although b) despite c) to d) no
VI. Fill in the blanks with the word form that best fits each space.
(37)—- to tradition, the first American Thanksgiving was (38)— in 1621 by the English pilgrims who had founded the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrim marked the (39)— by (40)— with their Native American guests who brought gifts of food as a gesture of goodwill. Although this event was an important part of American colonial history, there is no (41)— that any of the participants thought of the feast as a thanksgiving celebration.
37.a)accordingly b)accordance c)according d)accordant
38.a)celebrating b)celebrated c)celebration d)celebrate
39.a)occasion b)occasional c)occasionally d)occasionalism
40.a)feast b)feasted c)feastivity d)feasting
41.a)evident evidently c)evidence d)evidenced
VII. Which of the options provided is the best choice for reported speech?
42.’’Yesterday Tom and I went to look at the rare plants,’’ said Jane.
a) Jane said that the day before she and Tom went to look at the rare plants.
b) Jane said that she and Tom had gone to look at the rare plants the day before.
c) Jane told that she and Tom had gone to look at the rare plants the day before.
d) Jane said to us that the day before she and Tom had gone to look at the rare plants.
43.’’You can keep that one if you like, Ann. I’ve got plenty of others’’, he said.
a) He told Ann she could keep that one if you liked as he had got plenty of others.
b) He told Ann she could keep that one if she liked as he had got plenty of others.
c) He told Ann she could keep that one if she liked as he has got plenty of others.
d) He told Ann she could keep that one if she liked as he got plenty of time.
44. “I hope you’ll have a good journey. Don’t forget to send a card when you arrived,” he said.
a) He said that he hoped I would have a good journey and reminded me to send a card when I arrived.
b) He said that he hoped I had had a good journey and reminded to send a card when I arrive.
c) He said that he hoped I had had a good journey and reminded to send a card when I arrived.
d) He said that he hoped I would have a good journey and don’t forget to send a card when I arrived.
45. “What was she wearing when you saw her last?” the policeman asked.
a) The policeman asked me what she has been wearing when I had seen her last.
b) The policeman asked me what she had been wearing when I saw her last.
c) The policeman asked me what had she been wearing when I saw her last.
d) The policeman asked me what she was wearing when I saw her last.
46.”Could you sew on this button for me,” he asked me.
a) He asked if I can sew on that button for him.
b) He asked if I had been able to sew on that button for him.
c) He asked me to sew on that button for him.
d) He asked me to sew on this button for him.
VIII. Which of the following questions are grammatically correct?
47. Which of the following questions is correctly formulated?
a) Does my sister have ever lived in the village?
b) Has my sister ever lived in the village?
c) Have my sister ever lived in the village?
d) Has my sister never live in the village?
48. Which is the best question for the underlined part of the sentence?
He likes to listen to the radio while he is writing.
a. When does he like to listen to the radio?
b. Why does he listen to the music?
c. What does he do while he is writing?
d. How often does he listen to the radio?
49. Which is the best question for the following sentence?
Yes, I asked him to help me while translating the article.
a) What did you ask him to do while translating the article?
b) What did you do while translating the article?
c) Did you ask him to help you while translating the article?
d) Who did you ask to help you while translating the article?
50. Which is the best ending for the following questions?
Neither your parents, nor your children know about it,——– ?
a) did they
b) do the
c) don’t they
d) didn’t they
Համլետ Դադյան 